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The stomach is a muscular hollow organ. It takes in food from the esophagus gullet or food pipe, mixes it, breaks it down, and then passes it on to the small intestine in small portions. The entire digestive system is made up of one muscular tube extending from the mouth to the anus. Functions of the small intestine. The small intestine is the part of the intestines. Where 90% of the digestion and absorption of food occurs, the other 10% taking place in the stomach and large intestine. The main function of the small intestine is absorption of nutrients and minerals from food.