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A modern monument at the Thermopylae site, called the `Leonidas Monument`, in honour of the Spartan king. The Battle of Thermopylae was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states, led by King Leonidas of Sparta, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I over the course of three days, during the second Persian invasion of Greece 480 BC. Thermopylae is a mountain pass near the sea in north central G