UNESCO World Heritage Site in Latin America and the Caribbean. Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel situated on a mountain ridge 2,430 metres 7,970 ft above sea level. It is located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Machupicchu District in Peru, above the Sacred Valley, which is 80 kilometres 50 mi northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows. Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was constructed as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti 1438–1472. It is the most familiar icon of Inca civilization. The Incas built the estate around 1450 but abandoned it a century later at the time of the Spanish Conquest. Although known locally, it was not known to the Spanish during the colonial period and remained unknown to the outside world until American historian Hiram Bingham brought it to international attention in 1911. Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style, with polished dry-stone walls. Its three primary structures are the Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, and the Room of the Three Windows. Most of the outlying buildings have been reconstructed in order to give tourists a better idea of how they originally appeared. By 1976, thirty percent of Machu Picchu had been restored and restoration continues.
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15th abandoned america archaeologists atchitecture bingham buildings caribbean century citadel civilization classical clouds cloudy colonial conquest constructed cusco cuzco details dry emperor estate heritage hiram historic icon inca incas international intihuatana landmark landscape latin machu machupicchu mountain natural outlying pachacuti peru picchu pichu reconstructed restoration restored ridge sacred site spanish stone structures sun temple unesco unknown urubamba valley walls windows
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